Common Pool Resources Dilemma: Theorizing What Drives Sharing States to Cooperate

Authors

  • Kelvin Munisi * University of Dar es Salaam

Abstract

The free-rider problem is ever present in the common pool resources (CPRs) discourse. This is owing to exclusion and substractability, which are the defining characteristics of the CPRs. Communities and civilizations, as well as modern states, have struggled to reduce the degree of the free-rider problem in the common pool resource (CPR) context. By and large, the international nature of a number of CPR clusters has consistently and increasingly centered the debate, on how best can the sharing states cooperate to address the free-rider problem at both the international and the local scale. The article sets out to discuss and assess the explanatory power of the three main theories that derive the states that share CPRs to cooperate. The approach centers on analyzing the explanatory power of the theories at the international level.

 

 * PhD Student, University of Konstanz, Email Kelvin.Munisi.uni-konstanz.de

References

Akerlof, G. 1970. "The Market for ' Lemons ' : Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism."Quarterly Journal of Economics, 89: 488-500.

Arrow, K. 1985. The Economics of Agency in Principal and Agents: The Structure of Business, Boston: Harvard University Press.

Axelrod, R. 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books.

Axelrod, R. and Keohane, R. 1986. "Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions" in Oye, K. (ed). Cooperation under Anarchy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Baylis, J. and Smith, S. 2001. The Globalization of World Politics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Blatter, J. 2009. "Performing Symbolic Politics and International Environmental Regulation: Tracing and Theorizing a Causal Mechanism beyond Regime Theory." Global Environmental Politics 9 (4): 81-110. Eisenhardt, K. 1989. "Agency Theory." An Assessment and Review, 14 (1): 5774.

Feldman, A. 1997. Welfare Economics and Social Choice Theory. 12th edition. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

Franck, T. 1990. The Power of Legitimacy among Nations. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gilpin, R. 1981. War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Goldstein, J. and Keohane, R. 1993. "Ideas and Foreign Policy: an Analytical Framework" in Goldstein, J. and Keohane, R. (eds). Ideas and Foreign Policy:Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change. Ithaca, NJ: Cornell University Press.

Gordon, S. 1954. "The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery." The Journal of Political Economy 62 (2): 124-142.

Hardin, G. 1968. "The Tragedy of the Commons." Science, 162: 1243-1248.

Hasenclever, A., Mayer, P. and Rittberger V. 1997. Theories of International Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hasenclever, A., Mayer, P. and Rittberger V. 2000. "Integrating Theories of International Regimes." Review of International Studies 26 (1): 3-33.

Holcombe, G. 1997. "A Theory of the Theory of Public Goods." Review of Austrian Economics 10 (1): 1-22.

Holzinger, K. 2008. Transnational Common Goods: Strategic Constellations, Collective Action Problems, and Multi-Level Provision. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jensen, M. and Meckling, W. 1976. "Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure." Journal of Financial Economics, 3:305-360.

Keil, P. 2005. "Principal Agent Theory and its Application to Analyze Outsourcing of Software Development." SigSoft, 30 (4): 1-5.

Keohane, R. 1983. "The Demand for International Regimes" in Krasner, S. (ed). International Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Keohane, R. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

Keohane, R. 1988. "International Institutions: Two Approaches." International Studies Quarterly 32: 379-396.

Kindleberger, C. 1981. "Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy: Exploitation, Public Goods, and Free Rides." International Studies Quarterly 25: 242-254.

Klaphake, A. 2006. "Cooperation on International Rivers from an Economic Perspectice: The Concept of Benefit-Sharing" in Schuemann, W. and Neubert, S. (eds). Transboundary Water Management in Africa: Challenges for Development Cooperation. Bonn: Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH.

Krasner, S. 1983. "Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables" in Krasner, S. (ed). International Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Lake, D. 1993. "Leadership, Hegemony, and the International Economy: Naked Emperor or Tattered Monarch with Potential?" International Quarterly 37: 459-489.

Levy, J. 1994. "Learning and Foreign Policy: Sweeping Conceptual Minefield." International Organization 48 (2): 279-312.

McAdams, R. 2009. "Beyond the Prisoner ' s Dilemma: Coordination, Game Theory, and Law." Southern California Law Review 82: 209-254.

NBI 2014. Nile Cooperation - Opportunities and Challenges. Nile Basin Initiative.

Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Actions. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ostrom, E. 1999. "Coping with the Tragedies of the Commons." Annual Reviews in Political Science 2 (1): 493-535.

Ostrom, E., Gardner, R. and Walker, J. 1994. Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Perunovic, Z. and Pedersen, J. 2007. "Outsourcing Process and Theories." Paper Presented on the POMS 18th Annual Conference, Dallas-Texas, May 4 €“ May 7,2007.

Plott, C. and Meyer, R. 1975. "The Technology of Public Goods, Externalities, and the Exclusion Principle" in Mills, E. (ed). Economic Analysis of Environmental Problems. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Ruggie, J. 1975. "International Responses to Technology: Concepts and Trends." International Organization 29 (3): 557-583.

Samuelson, P. 1954. "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure." Review of Economics and Statistics 36: 387-389.

Samuelson, P. 1955. "Diagrammatic Exposition of a Theory of Public Expenditure." Review of Economics and Statistics 37: 350-356.

Schlager, E. 1994. "Fishers ' Institutional Responses to Common-Pool Resources Dilemmas. in Ostrom, E., Gardner R. and Walker. J.

(eds). Rules, Games and Common-Pool Resources. An Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Schlager, E., Blomquist, W. and Tang, S. 1994. "Mobile Flows, Storage, and Self Organized Institutions for Governing Common-PoolResources." Land Economics 70 (3): 294-317.

Sengupta, N. 1991. Managing Common Property: Irrigation in India and the Philippines. New Delhi: Sage.

Stein, A. 1983. "Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World" in Krasner, S. (ed). International Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Tang, S. 1992. Institutions and Collective Action: Self-Governance in Irrigation. San Francisco: ICS Press.

Tang, S. 1994. "Institutions and Performance in Irrigation Systems" in Ostrom, E., Gardner R. and Walker. J. (eds). Rules, Games and Common-Pool Resources. An Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Verweij, M. 2000. Transboundary Environmental Problems and Cultural Theory €“ The Protection of the Rhine and the Great Lakes. New York: Palgrave.

Wade, R. 1994. Village Republics: Economic Conditions for Collective Action in South India. San Francisco: ICS Press.

Wendt, A. 1994. "Collective Identity Formation and the International State." American Political Science Review 88: 384-396.

Wendt, A. and Duvall, R. 1989. "Institutions and International Order" in Ernst-Otto C. and Rosenau, J. (eds). Global Change and Theoretical Challenges: Approaches to World Politics for the 1990s. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Wirkus, L. and Börge, V. 2006. "Transboundary Water Management on Africa ' s International Rivers and Lakes: Current State and Experiences" in Schuemann, W. and Neubert, S (eds). Transboundary Water Management in Africa: Challenges for Development Cooperation. Bonn: Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH.

Young, O. 1986. "International Regimes: Toward a New Theory of Institutions." World Politics 39: (1) 124-142.

Young, O. and Osherenko, G. 1993. "The Formation of International Regimes: Hypotheses and Cases" in Young, O. and Osherenko, G (eds). Polar Politics: Creating International Environmental Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Downloads

Published

2017-02-21