Efficiency of Botswana Meat Commission: An Empirical Approach
Abstract
This paper investigates the efficiency status of Botswana Meat Commission (BMC), which is a public company. It employs transcendental logarithmic Stochastic Production Frontier to estimate efficiency, and ordered Logit model to ascertain determinants of the efficiency of BMC. Estimation data for the period of study (1979 €“ 2009) were accessed from the Bank of Botswana, Central Statistics Office and the BMC. The findings indicate that there were inefficiency in BMC of up to around 22%, and the main reasons for this include material inputs constraints (livestock availability), and insufficient penetration into the global market owing to low exchange rate competiveness. The paper ends with some policies implications to deal with these constraints.
References
Aigner, D.J., C.A.K. Lovell & P.J. Schmidt. 1977. Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models. Journal of Econometrics, 6:21 €“37.
Aikaeli, J. 2008. Commercial Banks Efficiency in Tanzania. A Paper presented in a CSAE Conference on Economic Development in Africa, Held at St. Catherine ' s College, Oxford, 16th €“ 18th March 2008.
Akazili, M., M. Adjuik, S. Chatio, E. Kanyomse, A. Hodgson, M. Aikins & J. Gyapong. 2008. What are the technical and allocative efficiencies of public health centres in Ghana? Ghana Medical Journal, 42(4):149-155.
Aggrey, N., E. Luvanda & J. Shitundu. 2010. Firm Size and Technical Efficiency in East African Manufacturing Firms. Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 69-75.
Baker, R., A. Charnes & W. Cooper. 1984. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30(9): 1078-1092.
Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority (BEDIA). 2008. The Beef Industry. http://www.bedia.co.bw/uploads/files/Beef%20Sector.pdf. Downloaded, December 2012.
Battese, G., & G. Corra. 1977. Estimation of a Production Frontier Model with Application to the Pastoral Zone of Easter Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21(3): 167 €“179.
Charnes, A., W. Cooper & E. Rhodes. 1978. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 6: 429-444.
Debreu, G. 1959. Theory of Value, an Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium. New York: John Wiley.
Djokoto, J.G. 2011. Technical Efficiency of Agriculture in Ghana: A time Series Stochastic Frontier Estimation Approach. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(1).
Farell M.J. 1957. The Measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 120(3).
Girardone, C. et al. 1996. Analysing the Determinants of Bank Efficiency: The case of Italian Banks. School of Accounting, Banking and Economics, University of Wales, Bangor.
Greene, W. H. 1980. Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Econometric Frontier Functions. Journal of Econometrics, 13(1): 27 €“56.
Gujarati, D. N. 2003. Basic Econometrics, 4th Edn., McGraw-Hill Companies.
Halderman, M. & M. Nelson. 2005. EU Policy Making: Reform of the CAP and EU trade in beef and dairy with developing countries. PPLPI Working paper No. 18.
Hsu, J. 2010. The Relative Efficiency of Public and Private Service Delivery. World Health Report, Health Systems Financing Background Paper, No 39.
Le, V. & C. Harvie. 2010. How Do Vietnamese ' s SMEs Performs? Technical Efficiency in the Manufacturing Sector and its Sub-Sectors. School of Economics, Faculty of Commerce, University of Wollongong.
Mapitse, N. 2008. Botswana ' s Foot and Mouth and Beef Trade Policy. Working Paper No 3. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
Masco-Colell, A., M. D. Whinston & J. R. green. 1995. Microeconomic Theory, 1st edition. Oxford University Press.
Meeusen, W. & J. Van den Broeck. 1977. Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error. International Economic Review, 18: 435 €“444.
Murillo-Zamorano, L. R. 2004. Economic Efficiency and Frontier Techniques. Journal of Economic Surveys, 18(1): 33-77.
Ncube, M. 2009. Efficiency of the Banking Sector in South Africa. Working Papers Series, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand.
Osei, D., S. d'Almeida, M.O. George, J.M. Kirigia, A.O. Mensah & L.H. Kainyu. 2005. Technical efficiency of public district hospitals and health centres in Ghana: A Pilot Study. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.
Pack, H.. 1993. Productivity and industrial development in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 21: 1-16.
Pitt, M. M. & L.F. Lee. 1981. Measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in Indonesian Weaving Company. Journal of Development Economics, 43-64.
Ray, S. 2006. The Changing Role of Technological Factors in Explaining Efficiency in Indian Firm. The Journal of Developing Areas, 40(1): 127-140.
Schenk, R. 2004. What is Economic Efficiency? Journal of Economic Education, Cyber Economics, 34(2): 191.
Shephard, R. W. 1953. Cost and Production Functions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
€”. The Theory of Cost and Production Functions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Stevens, C., J. Kennan & T. Seleka. 2005. Botswana Beef Exports and Trade Policy. Brighton, Institute of Development Studies paper, University of Sussex. Downloadable: http://www.hubrural.org/IMG/pdf/ids_making_trade_preferences_ more_effective.pdf
Valenchik, A. D. 1997. Government intervention, efficiency wages and the employer size effect in Zimbabwe. Journal of Development Economics, 53: 305-338.
Varian, H. R. 1992. Microeconomic Analysis, 3rd Edn, New York: W.W. Norton & Inc.