Sexism and misogyny in selected proverbs of the Chaga of Machame

Emmanuel Penion Lema

Abstract


Abstract
This work employs a feminist perspective to examine how some proverbs of the
Chaga of Machame portray a sexist ideology that supports patriarchal relations as
well as social systems or environments in which women face cultural
stereotyping. It discusses the impressions that some proverbs create and how
such impressions set rules which govern how women are, should be treated and
how they are expected to behave. It has been argued that some life-long gendered
attitudes towards women are evident in the selected proverbs and that they take
part in the creation of a social system which explains how women are seen,
represented and how gender relations are organized, promoted, and shaped. The
paper shows that proverbs constitute a powerful rhetorical device for the shaping
of moral consciousness, opinions, and beliefs.
Key words:
Oral literature, Sexism, Gender studies, Chaga oral art, Proverbs
Introduction

Full Text:

PDF

References


Africa. Oxfor: Oxford University Press.

Flax, J. (1987). “Postmodernism and gender relations in feminist theory.” in Signs

(4):621-643.

Hangartner-Everts, E. (2008). “Tradition of African story Telling: Oral Literature

in the Homes and Schools (Pre-School, Kindergarten) of Northern Malawi.”

Hawley, A. (1970). “A man’s view” in J. Cooke et.al (eds). The new woman.

Greenwich. Fawcett Premier Book, pp.145-152.

Hussein, J.W. (2005). “The Social and ethno-cultural construction of masculinity

and femininity in African proverbs.” in African study monograph 26(2):59-87.

Hussein, J.W. (2009). “A Discursive Representation of Women in Sample Proverbs

from Ethiopia, Sudan and Kenya.” in Research in African Literatures 40(3):96-108.

Kiyimba, A. (2005). “Gendering Social Destiny in the Proverbs of the Baganda:

Reflections on Boys and Girls Becoming Men and Women.” in Journal of African

Cultural Studies 17 (2): 253-270

Sexism and misogyny in selected proverbs of the Chaga

UMMA, Volume 1, 2020 35

Kweka, E. (2006). “Position of women as reflected in the proverbs of Chagga of

Machame”. Unpublished Oral Literature research report, University of Dar es

Salaam, Tanzania.

LaGuardia, D. (2013). Intertextual masculinity in French renaissance literature.UK:

Ashgate Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/knp213.

Lema, E.P. (2005). “The Socializing function of proverbs among the Chagga of

Machame”. Unpublished Oral Literature report, University of Dar es Salaam,

Tanzania.

Marealle, T. (1997). Historia ya kanisa la kiinjili la Kilutheri Afrika mashariki: 1902-

(Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Meru na Pare). Moshi: Moshi Printing Services.

Mazikana, P. C and Moss, W. (1986). Archives, Oral History and Oral Tradition: A

Ramp Study. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, UNESCO.

Mieder, W. (2008). Proverbs speak louder than words: Wisdom in art, culture, folklore,

history, literature and mass media. York: Peter Lang.

Muro, E.D. (2003). Fyaaso Fya Washaka wa Mashami (Methali za Wachaga wa

Machame). Arusha: Habari Maalumu Press.

Mwaifuge, E.S. (2017). “Patriarchy and social determinism: interrogating feminist

agenda in Tanzania’s neglected poetry.” in Marang: Journal of Language and

Literature 28: 72-89.

Nibafasha, S. (2013). Societal Construction of Masculinity and Femininity as Portrayed

in Kirundi proverbs. M.A dissertation, Makerere University, Uganda.

Nino, L. (2006). “Women, feminism, sexuality and equality in the work place.” in

E-leader, Slovakia: pp. 1-7.

Nurse, D.P. (1979). Classification of the Chaga Dialects: Language and History on

Kilimanjaro, the Taita Hills, and the Pare Mountains. Hamburg: Buske.

Omoera, O.S. (2013). “Context of Usage and Aesthetics of Selected Proverbs from

Southern Nigeria.” in Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa

(1):16-30.

Pyle, W.J. (1976). “Sexism in Children's Literature: Theory into Practice.” in The

Early and Middle Childhood Years of Schooling 15(2):116-119.

Rasul, S. (2015). “Gender and Power Relationships in the Language of Proverbs:

Image of a Woman.” in FWU Journal of Social Sciences 9(2):53-62.

Emmanuel Penion Lema

UMMA, Volume 1, 2020

Smith, J, (1991), Misogynies: Reflections on myths and malice. New York: Ballantine

Books.

Squires, J and Kemp, S. (1997). Feminisms. [Oxford] New York: Oxford University

Press.

Udoidem, S.I. “The Epistemological Significance of Proverbs: An Africa

Perspective.” Présence Africaíne 132:126-136.

Webster, S.K. (1982). “Women, Sex, and Marriage in Moroccan Proverbs” in

International Journal of Middle East Studies 14(2):173- 184.

Yankah, K. (1989). “Proverbs: The Aesthetics of Traditional Communication.” in

Research in African Literatures 20(3):325-346.

Yitah, H. (2009). "Fighting with Proverbs": Kasena Women's (Re)Definition of

Female Personhood through Proverbial Jesting” in Research in African Literatures

(3): 74-95.

Yusuf, F.Y.K. (1998). “Gender bias and images of women in English and Yoruba

Proverbs: A cross-cultural Approach.” in Gender and perceptions and development in

Africa. (Ed) M.E.M Kolawole. AAP.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.