JLLE’s Criteria for Authorship

An individual should be listed as an author if they meet all of the following conditions (though at varying degrees for dual or multiple authorship):

1. Substantial contribution
2. To the conception or design of the work, or
3. To data acquisition, or
4. To data analysis and interpretation.
5. Drafting or revising the work critically for important intellectual content.
6. Final approval of the version to be published.
7. Accountability: Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring integrity and accuracy.

If any of these conditions are not met, the person should not be listed as an author.

Criteria for Contribution (for Acknowledgement)

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet all authorship criteria may be recognised in the acknowledgements section. Typical contributions in JLLE include:

1. Technical support (e.g. statistical assistance).
2. Data collection without interpretation.
3. General supervision or administrative support.
4. Funding acquisition.
5. Editorial or language assistance.