' In Local Collaboration we Trust ' : The Dynamics of Trust Network Relationships in Collaborative Natural Resource Management in Tanzania
Abstract
The existence of relational trust among network actors can facilitate collective action and enhance the successful collaborative practices of natural resource management. This paper uses a stochastic actor-oriented modelling approach to provide two simple models for dynamics of trust relationships in a network of Village Conservation and Development Committee (VCDC) in Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania. By simultaneously modelling network (social selection) and behaviour (social influence) this paper tests the hypothesis of whether or not actors with similar attribute(s) tend to trust similar influential actors on the decisions about issues related to local collaborative practices of natural resource management. Results show that homophily (the tendency of individual network actors to associate and bond with similar others) effect for actor attribute and behaviour (influence on decisions of natural resource management) average similarity have an important role to play on selection, maintenance or dissolution of trust ties among VCDC actors in the context of collaborative practices of natural resource management. This paper contributes theoretically and methodologically to a discussion on importance of trust in interaction of actors involved in collaborative practices of natural resource management, particularly in developing countries such as Tanzania. The literature within such framework is still underdeveloped.References
Beierle, T. & Konisky, D. 2000. Values, conflict, and trust in participatory
environmental Planning. J. Policy Anal. Manage, Vol. 19(4), pp. 587-602.
Bildsten, C. 2002. One forest, many locals: Different ways of managing natural
resources in Tanzania. M.Sc. Thesis (unpublished), Department of
Anthropology: University of Oslo, Norway.
Bodin, Ö. & Crona, B. 2009. The role of social networks in natural resource
governance: What Relational Patterns make a difference? Global
Environmental Change; Vol. 19(3), pp. 366-374.
Brass, D., Galaskiewicz, J., Greve, H., & Tsai, W. 2004. Taking stock of networks
and organizations: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management
Journal;Vol.47 (6), pp. 795-817.
Brechin, S., Wilshusen, P., Fortwangler, C., & West, P. 2002. Beyond the square
wheel: Toward a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity
conservation as a social and political process. Society Nat. Resources Vol.
, pp. 41-64.
Brown, K., Adger, W., Tompkins, E., Bacon, P., Shim, D., & Young, K.
(2001).Trade-off analysis for marine protected area management. Ecological
Economics; Vol. 37(3), pp. 417-434.
Coleman, J. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of
Harvard University Press.
Dirks, K.T. &Ferrin, D.L. 2001.The role of trust in organizational settings.
Organisation Science; Vol. 12(4), pp. 450-467.
Eamer, J. (2006). Keep it simple and be relevant: the first ten years of the Arctic
Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-op. In: Reid, W.V., Berkes, F.,
Wilbanks, T., Capistrano, D. (Eds.), Bridging Scales and Knowledge
Systems. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and Island Press (pp. 185 €“206).
Washington DC.
Gambetta, D. (1988). Can we trust trust? In: D. Gambetta (Ed) Trust: Making and
breaking cooperative relations (pp. 213-237). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Holland, P. &Leinhardt, S. 1977. A Dynamic Model for Social Networks. Journal of
Mathematical Sociology; Vol. 5(1), pp. 5-20.
Jones, G.R. & George, J.M. 1998. The Experience and evolution of trust:
implications for cooperation and teamwork. Academy of Management
Review; Vol. 23(3), pp. 531-546.
Krishna, A. 2000. Creating and harnessing social capital. In: P. Dasgupta & I.
Serageldin (Eds.), Social capital a multifaceted perspective; Washington,
DC: The World Bank.
Labun, A. 2012. Social networks and informal power in organizations. PhD Thesis,
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Lawrence, R., Daniels, S. & Stankey, G. (1997). Procedural justice and public
involvement in natural resource decision making. Society Nat. Resources;
Vol. 10, pp. 577-589.
McAllister, D. (1995). Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for
interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management
Journal; Vol. 38(1), pp. 24-60.
McAllister, R., Gordon, I. and Janssen, M. 2005. Trust and cooperation in natural
resource management: The case of agistment in rangelands. Proceedings of
the International Congress on Modelling and Simulation; pp. 2334-2339.
McCool, S. & Guthrie, K. 2001. Mapping the dimensions of successful public
participation in messy natural resources management situations. Society Nat.
Resources; Vol. 14, pp. 309-323.
Möllering, G. 2006. Trust: Reason, Routine, Reflexivity. New York: Elsevier.
NRMP, International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, The
Netherlands.
Ostrom, E., Burger, J., Field, C., Norgaard, R., &Policansky, D. 1999. Revisiting the
commons: Local lessons, global challenges. Science; Vol. 284(5412), pp.
-282.
Prell, C. 2012. Social network analysis: history, theory and methodology. London:
Sage Publications Ltd.
Pretty, J. & Ward, H. (2001). Social capital and the environment. World
Development; Vol. 29(2), pp. 209-227.
Putnam, R. 1993. Making democracy work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press.
Putnam, R. 1995. The case of the missing social capital. mimeographed.
Ripley, R., Snijders, T. & Preciado, P. 2012. Manual for RSiena. University of
Oxford: Department of Statistics, Nuffield College.
Rousseau, D., Sitkin, S., Burt, R, &Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A
cross-discipline view of trust, Acad. Manage. Rev; Vol. 23(3), pp. 393-404.
Shoham, D.A., Tong, L., Lamberson, P.J., Auchincloss, A.H., Zhang, J., Dugas, L., Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., & Luke, A. (2012).An Actor-based Model of
Social Network Influence on Adolescent Body Size, Screen Time, and
Playing Sports, PLoS ONE; Vol. 7(6), pp. 1-11: e39795 DOI:
1371/journal.pone.0039795.
Singleton, S. 1998. Constructing cooperation: The evolution of institutions of comanagement.
University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
Snijders, T. 2001.The statistical evaluation of social network dynamics. Sociological
Methodology-2001; Vol. 31, pp. 361-395.
Snijders, T., van de Bunt, G., &Steglich, C. 2010. Introduction to stochastic actorbased
models for network dynamics. Social Networks; Vol. 32(1), pp. 44-60.
Snijders, T..& van Duijn, M. 1997. Simulation for Statistical Inference in Dynamic
Network Models. In: R. Conte, R. Hegselmann & P. Terna (Eds.) Simulating
Social Phenomena; Berlin: Springer; pp. 493-512.
Steglich, C., Snijders, T..& Pearson, M. 2010. Dynamic of networks and behavior:
Separating selection from influence. Sociological Methodology; Vol. 40, pp.
-393.
van de Bunt, G.., Wittek, R.., & de Klepper, M. 2005. The evolution of intraorganizational
trust networks: the case of a German paper factory: An
empirical test of six trust mechanisms. International Sociology; Vol. 20(3),
pp. 339-369.
Vihemäki, H. (2005). Politics of Participatory Forest Conservation: Cases from the
East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Transdisciplinary Environmental
Studies; Vol. 4 (2) (16 p). Available at: http://www.journaltes.dk/
Wondolleck, J. &Yaffee, S. 2000. Making collaboration work: Lessons from
innovation in natural resource management. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Woodcock, K. 1995. Indigenous knowledge and forest use: Two case studies from
the East Usambaras, Tanzania. Technical Paper 22, EUFP, MNRT, FBD and
Department of International Development Co-operation, Finland.
Yamamoto, Y. (1990). A morality based on Trust. Philosophy East and West; Vol.
(4), pp. 451-469.
Zulu, C. (2004). Problems with participatory mapping in forest management: A case
of Handei Village Forest Reserve, East Usambara, Muheza, Tanzania. Msc.
Dissertation in Geo- information Science and Earth Observation in Planning
and Coordination, NRMP, International Institute for Geo-information Science
and Earth Observation, The Netherlands.
